What would a computer find inside your BRAIN? Scientific Progress in recent years has successfully shown that, in principle, it is feasible to drive prostheses or computers using brain activity: Monkeys have learned to move a computer cursor or a robotic arm. People have learned to use simple prototypes to write short texts or to control technical devices. The focus of worldwide research in this new technology, known as brain-machine-, or brain-computer interface, has been based on two different prototypes: Non-invasive BCI(Brain Computing Interface), which measure activity from large groups of neurons with electrodes placed on the surface of the scalp (EEG), and invasive BMIs(Brain Machine Interface), which measure activity from single neurons with miniature wires placed inside the brain. We are using a new minimally invasive approach based on electrodes placed on the surface of the brain. This technology minimizes medical risks while still providing high signal quality.
In healthy subjects the primary motor area of the brain sends movement commands to the muscles via the spinal cord.
In many paralyzed people this pathway is interrupted, i.e. due to a spinal cord injury.
A EEG recorder is placed on an individual brain, these are called electrodes: Electrodes measure activity from the brain. A computer based decoder translates this activity into commands for the control of muscles, a prosthesis or a computer.
What is BCI? Any form of communications or control requires peripheral nerves and muscles. The process begins with the user's intent. This intent triggers a complex process in which certain brain areas are activated, and hence signals are sent via the peripheral nervous system to the corresponding muscles, which in turn perform the movement necessary for the communication or control task.
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